Sadhna Singh ROR Interview Questions

  before_save   is called every time an object is saved. So for new and existing objects. (create and update action) before_create  only before creation. So only for new objects (create action)

  Student.find(4) Student.find_by_id(4) Student.find(4)  will raise an error:  ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: Couldn't find Student with id=4 Student.find_by_id(4)  will return  nil  and will not raise an error.

  Following are the differences between observers and callbacks in ruby on rails: – Rails observers:  these are same as callbacks but are used when the method is not directly associated to the life cycle of the object. It lives for a longer duration of time and can be attached or detached at any time. Rails callback:  the callback methods can only be called at only certain points of time in the life cycle of an object like validation, creation, updating, deletion, etc. Unlike the rails observers, the rails callback lives for only a short period of time.

With the help of rails migration, we can make changes in the database schema which makes it possible to use the version control system for synchronization of those things with the actual code. Rails migration can perform the following things: It helps in creating the table for the database. Dropping the table is possible with the help of this. Renaming of the table is possible. We can even add columns. Renaming of the columns can be done. Columns can be changed too. We can remove the columns and various other things can be done.  

App/controllers:  in this, a web request is made by the user which is handled by the controller. Rails make use of this controller sub directory for finding the controller class. App/helpers:  some helper classes are present in the helper sub directory which is used for assisting the view, model and the controller classes present in it. Controller: The rails controller works as the main logical centre of the application. With the help of this user, views, and models can interact with each other. Routing of external requests to internal actions is possible. It can handle the URL very well. It helps in regulating helper modules which extends the capabilities of view templates. It also regulates the session which gives user an impression of an on-going interaction with any application.  

  Some of the methods are listed below which are used for the protection of filters: – Public:  any external class or method that uses the same class in which it is defined can access this method. Protected:  these can be used only within the class in which they are defined and the classes that inherit from the class in which they are defined. Private:  these can be accessed only within the class in which they are defined.

  The methods which are used before and after the action of the controller method are executed. It ensures that the code runs with the given action method which is called. Three types of filters are supported by rails. They are: Before filters:  these filters are executed before the execution of the code in the action controller. After filters:  these filters are executed after the execution of the code in the action controller. Around filters:  these are executed both before and after the execution of the code present in the action controller.

  The web development is usually divided into three subsystems closely integrated to each other. They are: – Model (active record) : all the data logic is handled by this model which in rails is known as the active record library. It acts a bridge between the ruby program code and the main database. View (action view) : the end user sees the view part of the application. Controller (action controller) : it acts as a data broker of an application. It also helps in handling the logic which allows the model and view to communicate with one another. This is how the model view controller framework used in ruby on rails.

  Some of the features of ruby on rails are listed below- Meta-programming : code generation is used but for heavy lifting, it uses meta-programming. Active record : objects are saved to the database through this framework. It identifies the columns in a schema and binds them to your domain object. Scaffolding : it means it has the ability of creating temporary code automatically. Convention over configuration : much configuration is not needed if the naming convention is followed. Three environments : testing, development, and production are the three default environments in this framework. Built-in testing : test cases are used in this for writing and executing the codes.

  Following is a list of some naming conventions used in ruby on rails: Variables – it is used for the declaration of variables in which all the letters should be in lowercase and the words should be separated by underscore. Class and module – a class is declared which encapsulates every function. The class or module name can be written in mixed case and no underscores are used. Every word should start with an uppercase letter. Database table – a table is made for storing the data. It is the same as the naming conventions for variables. Model – mixed case is used and have singular with table name. Controller – names are represented in plural form.

Ruby :  It is an object oriented programming language inspired by PERL and PYTHON.   Rails: It is a web application framework which is written in ruby language and is developed by David Hansson. It is an open source ruby framework for the development of database backend web application. It consists of everything which is needed for creating a database driven web application with the help of model view controller pattern. Ruby on Rails or Rails is a model-view-controller, server-side framework which is written in ruby. It provides a default structure for a database, web service and web pages. It makes use of web standards like JSON, XML, HTML, CSS, etc. for the transfer of data and also for displaying and user interfacing. It was developed by David Heinemeier Hansson on 13th December 2005. It even uses various software engineering patterns and paradigms some of them being- Convention over configuration (CoC), Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY), Active Record Pattern (ARP). It had a gr...